As long as American Indians retain power, land, and resources that are coveted by the states and the federal government, there will continue to be a "clash of cultures", and the issues will be contested in the Courts, Congress, the White House, and even in the Inter-national human rights community. To give all Americans a greater comprehension of the issues and conflicts involving American Indians today is a major goal of this class. These issues are not easily understood, nor can these conflicts be readily resolved. The study of North American Indian history and culture is a necessary and important step toward that comprehension.

      In order to appreciate the scope of the challenge we must be familiar with the diversity of the tribal: population, geography, social and political organization. Also food procurement and world view. 
Avoiding the pitfalls of the generalizations and accepted stereo types of the California Mission Indian is also of paramount concern. Also concurrent is the identification of prejudice and bias in forms both overt and those obscured by ignorance… All Americans must learn the history of the relations between the Indians and the federal government, recognize the unique legal status of the Indians, and understand the heritage and cultures of the Tribal People of the Far West- California… 

CROSS CULTURAL STUDIES; CCS-133
                                                                                           G. ROY COOK, INSTRUCTOR
 SDSU-420
 fyi;  420. Indian Peoples of California (3) 
 Indian peoples of California. Their histories and
 cultures from oral traditions to contemporary issues.
 Focus on selected Indian tribes and communities. 
FIRST SESSION

      What is an Indian? A California Indian? Where do they live? How do they Communicate? What are their life ways? (Home, health, work) Where do they come from? How do they deal with the mystery of the unknown? We need to be of one mind that we are not attempting directly or by any hidden agenda assigning any kind of "collective guilt" to the non-Indian population as regards what has happened in the past. However, we all have a responsibility to acknowledge past miss-education and the misdirected of romantic mythology and stereotypical mass media to fill the vacuum so created. And of course recognize our present challenges and future responsibilities. Finally, Recognizing this courage of enduring California tribal peoples is truly one of the most empowering and motivational of life, history, and cultures lessons

Course requirements and goals:

A series of tests, journal submissions and the final examination will evaluate performance 
in the course.  Also, rather than a term paper, we will maintain a Journal of the course. Basically, it is
a summation of the context of the course experience and it is a record of your subjective emotive
responses to: objects, cultures, and individuals.
For a starting list of what to include:
A. Class impressions: lectures, films, discussions
B. Outside of class resources (periodicals, news articles, flyers, art shows, pow wows, etc.). 
     Outside of class assignments: museums, art shows, tours of sites.
C. Material as may be developed in a special project (see instructor).

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians; Heizer & Elsamer,
Appendix 1-3; pp 239-258, Chapter 1; pp 1-10, Chapter 7; pp 158-184. 
Native Americans of California and Nevada Jack Forbes, Preface Chapter 1; pp.7-16, also Chapter 5 pp. 156-164, note. history chart and appendix pp 215-231; selected handouts
 
SECOND SESSION & THIRD SESSION
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATIVE PEOPLE AND HERITAGE
The Earliest Times 12,000 B.C or more...much more?
Growth and Differentiation of the Early Cultures
The Forming of the Native Peoples of California
2000 BC -A D 1500

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians' 
Chapter 1; pp 11-27, 
Chapter 8; pp 185-201. Native Americans of California and Nevada; Jack Forbes,
pp 16-21 & pp. 164-179, selected topics

FOURTH SESSION
The Domain of the non-Mission Indian
The BANDS and the Mission Indian Tribelets WORLD VIEW 
A Time of Survival, GROWTH, Regeneration

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians: Chapter 2, pp 28-30 & 47-56, Chapter 9, pp 202-220. Native Americans of California and Nevada: Jack Forbes, pp 32-37, pp 171-179, selected handouts.

FIFTH SESSION
ECOLOGICAL TYFES OF INDIAN CULTURES - CALIFORNIA NUTS AND CRUNCHES

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians: chapter 2; pp 
Chapter 3, pp 57-8l. selected handouts.

SIXTH & SEVENTH SESSION
FIRST NON-INDIAN CONTACTS
Cultural expressions of the California tribal people; painting, baskets ,points, sculpture, regalia

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians: Chapter 5, pp 114-127   Chapter 6, pp 129-157. selected handouts.

EIGHTH & NINTH SESSION
What did the mission provide to the "souls" (tribal people) that was beneficial to their life? 
A different perspective of the images of Spanish Californios

-How about those cows?

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians; Chapter 10, pp 221
Native Americans of California and Nevada: Jack Forbes, pp 37-50, selected handouts

TENTH SESSION
The Mexican struggle for freedom impacted the life of many tribal people and it also recognized aboriginal land title from a non- European perspective.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Native Americans of California and Nevada; Jack Forbes, pp. 37-50, selected handouts.

ELEVENTH SESSION
The prelude to the Anglo invasion- TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALCO
Indian friends and fiends, the California gold rush - image and perception- justification. / What is the golden rule? / Captain Jack-Modoc war.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Native Americans of California and Nevada; Jack Forbes, pp 68-81, selected handouts.

TWELFTH SESSION
18 treaties in peace and friendship- nation to nation- spokesman of ‘some’ California bands / tribes. Beale and "his pueblo" at Tejon, Ramona-Century of Dishonor- Helen Hunt Jackson. Mission Indian relief act- Reservations with reservations.

READING ASSIGNMENT; Native Americans of California and Nevada Jack Forbes, pp 80-116, selected handouts.

THIRTEENTH SESSION
N.C.A.I. & the Indian Claims Commission- how much is that for how much of the state of California? Who got what? Friends of the vanishing American, mission Indian federation

READING ASSIGNMENT: Native Americans of California and Nevada pp 1l6-138. selected handouts.

FOURTEENTH SESSION
Termination / relocation- HCR-108 & pl-280 struggle for recognition- attack on the reservation- sovereignty at issue again and again!

READING ASSIGNMENT: The Natural World of the California Indians: Chapter 10, pp 231-237 Native Americans of California and Nevada: pp 116-148. selected handouts

FIFTEENTH SESSION
Self-determination...’with liberty and justice for all’ but how does tomorrow look for the people of this state?

READING ASSIGNMENT: Native Americans of California and Nevada; pp l48-155 also pp 180-196 Note further readings and resources, pp 197-2l4 selected handouts

Review: journals- comprehensive final exam